家庭气氛量表（FCS）
Björnberg和Nicholson
48
Likert5点计分
家庭气氛量表是由Björnberg和Nicholson以家庭系统理论为依据编制而成的自我报告量表。FCS共48项，包括三个维度、6个方面：代际风格(Family Intergenerational Style)、亲密度(Family Cohesion;)和家庭过程(FamilyProcess)，每个方面各8个条目。其中代际风格维度包括代际权威(IntergenerationalAuthority)和代际关注(Intergenerational Attention)，评估代际间的行为和态度，年长一辈是否具有更高的权力、是否关注年轻一代。亲密度维度(Cohesion)从情感和认知两方面评估家庭亲密度。高认知亲密表明具有相似的兴趣爱好、价值观念和信仰，而高情感亲密则表明能体会到更多的温暖、关心和幸福。家庭过程维度是维持家庭运转的重要功能，从开放沟通(Open Communication)和适应性(Adaptability)两个方面评估家庭的开放程度和灵活性程度。采用Likert5点计分。
?sa Bj?rnberg, & Nicholson, N. . (2007). The family climate scales—development of a new measure for use in family business research. Family Business Review, 20(3), 229-246.
Open communication
In this family . . .
1. people don’t openly express their opinions.(R)
2. we keep our views pretty much to ourselves.(R)
3. we are polite rather than honest in how we communicate with each other .(R)
4. we regularly talk about things that concern us.
5. people are not interested in each others’ opinions. (R)
6. we take time to listen to each other.
7. we bring issues out in the open, good or bad.
8. we are frank with each other.
Intergenerational authority
In this family . . .
9. the younger generations try to conform with what the older generation would want.
10. the wishes of the older generation are obeyed.
11. the authority of the older generation is not questioned.
12. family members of the older generation set the rules.
13. we make decisions with every person having an equal say, regardless of seniority. (R)
14. older and younger members have equal amounts of power. (R)
15. the word of the older generation is law.
16. the younger generation is encouraged to freely challenge the opinions of the older generation .(R)
Intergenerational attention
In this family . . .
17. the older generation takes a close interest in the activities of the younger generation.
18. the older generation shows an active concern for the welfare of the younger generation.
19. the younger generation are expected to look after their own interests.(R)
20. older members have a protective attitude toward the younger members.
21. the young adults are left to their own devices .(R)
22. the older generation is highly supportive to the goals of the younger generation.
23. the older generation is very responsive to the needs of the younger generation.
24. older family members are attentive to the concerns of younger family members.
Cognitive cohesion
In this family . . .
25. we have similar views on things.
26. we tend to have widely differing views on most social issues. (R)
27. we have shared interests and tastes.
28. our attitudes and beliefs are pretty similar.
29. we do not have much in common. (R)
30. we think alike.
31. we have radically different perspectives on things. (R)
32. our values are very similar.
Emotional cohesion
In this family . . .
33. for many of us our strongest emotional ties are outside the family.(R)
34. the emotional bond between us all is very strong.
35. we usually feel happy to be with each other.
36. we miss each other when we’re apart for a while.
37. family members make each other feel secure.
38. family members feel warmth for each other.
39. we are not emotionally close.(R)
40. we feel a lot of love for each other.
Adaptability
In this family . . .
41. we face challenges very effectively.
42. we are flflexible and adaptable in how we deal with diffificulties.
43. we are poor at dealing with the unexpected .(R)
44. we are always able to help each other when the need arises.
45. in solving problems, we are not often willing to change our routines .(R)
46. we approach problems with a positive mindset.
47. we know we have the power to solve major problems.
48. when we face diffificulties we work together effectively.
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